语言模因一论.ppt

语用学新视角：谜米学(一) Memetics of Language 西北师范大学外国语学院 曹进 一、模因 二、模因的特点与周期 1、 模因的特征 2、 模因复制的4个阶段 三、模因与语言的关系 1、模因与语言起源 2、模因与语言的模仿机制 四、模因论 1、语言模因的复制和传播 2、语言模因复制和传播的 方式 一、什么是模因（ meme） Richard Dawkins（里查德·道金斯）, in his book，The Selfish Gene （《自私的基因》，1976） defines the meme as a unit of intellectual or cultural information that survives long enough to be recognized as such, and which can pass from mind to mind. 人们生儿育女，目的在于力图使自己的DNA不断地流传下去。人在具有生物性的同时还具有文化性或曰社会性。正是人的文化性，使人区别于其他动物，并因此成为万物之灵。 In the words of its inventor, Richard Dawkins, the word "meme" refers to "a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation". A meme can be defined as an information pattern, held in an individual's memory or in an outside artifact (book, record or tool), which is likely to be communicated or copied to another individual's memory. Memes：genes of culture, existing as cultural replicators propagated through imitation; Examples：tunes, ideas, catch-phrases, clothes fashions, ways of making pots or of building arches. Just as genes propagate themselves in the gene pool by leading from body to body via sperm or eggs, so memes propagate themselves in the meme pool by leaping from brain to brain via a process which, in the broad sense, can be called imitation. all forms of beliefs, values and behaviors that are normally taken over from others rather than discovered independently. A meme：surviving in the world because people pass it on to other people, either vertically to the next generation, or horizontally to our fellows. Language：one form of their carriers. Memes benefit the development of language, and at the same time they benefit themselves by language in the process of replicating and transmitting. Glenn Grant将道金斯的定义进一步理论化：meme是一种非常具有感染力的信息模式，这种信息模式可寄生性的影响人们的意识和改变他们的行为进行复制，从而来繁殖和传播这种模式。 一种理念或者信息模式不是meme，直到它影响到其他人来重复和复制它，进而再重复给更多其他的人才被称为meme。 meme主要10种译法： 1、觅母（道金斯，1981；另见庄锡昌等， 1987：135- 151） 2、拟子（道金斯，1998） 3、谜米（布莱克摩尔，2001） 4、模因（何自然、何雪林，2003） 5、敏因（鲁川，2003） 6、文化基因（童忠良，