行为主义、认知主义、建构主义理论(国外英文资料).docVIP

行为主义、认知主义、建构主义理论(国外英文资料) Behaviorism, cognition, humanism, Constructivism Behaviorism Learning is the reaction of individuals under certain conditions; the behavior of individual acquisition is the link between stimulus and response. The study of external behavior focusing on learning is instructive to the study of declarative knowledge and skills. Teachers should observe the students behavior changes and strengthen them in time, and support the programmed teaching design. There is no particular requirement for the cognitive processing of learners and the richness of their learning environment. Representative: Skinner Cognitive doctrine Learning is the process by which individuals acquire new knowledge through cognition, discrimination and understanding. In this process, individual cognitive structure will change. They are more suitable for tasks that require higher cognitive processing, such as problem solving techniques (deduction of rules, deduction, and simple application). In the teaching practice, it is necessary to provide appropriate questions and situations according to the existing psychological structure of students, and support the information processing teaching design. It has higher requirements for learners cognitive processing ability. Representatives: Bruner and Ausubel Humanism It advocates the study of the whole consciousness, human dignity, value and nature of human beings, emphasizes student centered, and focuses on the independence, creative development and self actualization of personality. The cultivation of students perfect personality and personality, and the education of students with strong personality and withdrawn personality. Attaching importance to cooperative learning and giving full play to students initiative; paying attention to learning motivation and affective education; supporting dual principal teaching design. Teachers should have a passion for their profession and students, and have a sense of responsibility. Representatives