would should could have done用法和区别.docVIP

would/could/might/should have done等 用法和区别 一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done：原本应该做某事否shouldnt have done :原本不该做某事 2. ought to have done 应该做某事否 oughtnt to have done :原本不该做某事 ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语 或某规则上的要求（严格的规则应用 must ）． should do 可用语平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化3. need have done 原有必要做某事否 neednt have done 原本没必要做某事 could have done 原本能够做某事注意： couldnt have done 虚拟语气的用法， 只表推测，相当于 cant have done：过去不可能做了某事 might have done 本可以做某事 注意： might not have done 虚拟语气的用法， 只表推测，相当于 may not have done：过去可能没有做某事 二、推测的用法 1. must have done：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustnt have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could) 来表示： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He cant have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。 “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？ 2. may / might have done may / might have done过去可能做了某事may 比 might 表示可能性稍大些。 may/might not have done过去可能没有做某事： I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。 John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad. 约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。 注意：may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中 3. can/could have done 常用于(否和疑问 Can/Could he have passed the exam ? 他可能通过了考试吗 ？ I think that he couldn’t/cant have gone abroad. I saw him just now. 我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。 注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could 其次，may 更次之，might 最小。例如： “He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” “他肯定/很可能/可能/兴许（没准儿）已从玛丽那儿听说此事了。” President Obama has canceled plans to set stronger air quality rules in the United States.The president said these plans would have forced（想必会/肯定会迫使） businesses to take action at a time when the countrys economy is weak. On Friday, president Obama ordered environment officials to halt a plan that would have affected（想必会/肯定会影响） companies, states and cities. All three would have required to reduce the amount of chemicals that case smog. Failure to do so, would have led to（肯定会/想必会导致） federal action.