动词不定式英语.docVIP

动词不定式 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如： 1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①It＋be＋名词＋to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 逻辑主语 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says. 注意：在③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语 How to solve the problem is hard for him. 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如： 1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. 注意：不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 Our work is serving the people. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、决定、学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)I’d love to visit Mexico 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car? 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 3.动词feel, find, make, think等