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一．名词性从句简介 1、主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if; 连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever ，which; 连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. / Who will win the match is still unknown. (1) 主语从句可以位于句首，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come. 常用句型如下： ① It + be + 名词/形容词+ that从句 It is a pity that we can’t go. It is clear that Tom has returned. ②It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 It is said / reported / believed / known that … ③It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that sb. should do sth. It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that sb. should do sth. It is suggested (requested, proposed, advised, etc.) that sb. should do sth. (2) 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： ① It is said /reported that…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. × ② It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. × ③ It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. × ④ 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Is that it will rain in the evening likely? × ⑤ if引导的主语从句 It is not clear to me if she likes the present. If she likes the present is not clear to me. × 注意：(1)连词that, whether在主语从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。 (2)连接代词who, which和连接副词how, when, where, why在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在主语从句中充当主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。 (3)who, whom, which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。 2、宾语从句 在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句;在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。