电气工程专业英语+unt3.ppt

3.4 DC Machines Text Fig.3.13 Torque comparison of DC and AC motors 3.4 DC Machines Text Getting a variable DC voltage to a DC motor was done in several ways. The easiest was with a large carbon rheostat that either increased or decreased the voltage supplied to the motor. It also was done with motor-generator (MG) sets, which used a constant-speed AC motor directly cou-pled to a DC generator. The generator’s field was then increased or decreased. This resulted in an increase or decrease in the gen-erator’s terminal voltage. As terminal voltage increases or decreases, the speed of the connected DC motor also increases or decreases. Static inverters were developed later and the rectific-ation of AC to DC was done using vacuum tubes. Semiconductors were developed and the analog con-verter replaced the rectifiers. Finally, the micropro-cessor was developed and the converter went digital. That’s where the technology stands today with respect to providing an AC-to-DC conversion①. Note：①这就是现今采用的交流-直流变换技术的基础（立足点）。 3.4.4 Applications for DC Machines The DC motors are arguably （可论证地；可争辩的） the most useful type of electrical motors①. The name for a DC motor is given on the bases of connection be-tween armature and field coil. If field coil or field winding is connected in parallel with the armature then the motor is called shunt motor, if connection is in series with the motor is called series motor and if two field windings are used one is in series and one in shunt then the motor is called compound motor. 3.4 DC Machines Text The applications for all the three types of DC motors are discussed as follow. (1) Shunt Motors There are three kinds of characteristics for a motor: speed-torque, speed-current and torque-current char-acteristics. After analyzing all three characteristics for DC shunt motor, it can be known that this is an appro-ximately constant speed motor. 3.4 DC Machines Text It is therefore used where: ? the speed is required to remain almos