General knowledge of linguistic.docVIP

General knowledge of linguistic: Syntax is the study of ______. language functions sentence structures句法学 textual organization word formation (b) Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of human language? arbitrariness productivity cultural transmission finiteness (d) The speech act theory was first put forward by ______. John Searle:主要研究语言的“目的性” John Austin Noam Chomsky: transformational grammar; generative grammar转换-生成语法创始人 Halliday: system-functional linguistics系统功能语言学创始人 (b) What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of ______. reference meaning antonymy context (d) * Chomsky and Halliday的区别？--- context The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples of ______. dialectal synonyms stylistic synonyms emotive synonyms collocational synonyms (b) * dialectal synonyms：方言的，乡音的 如：美国北方人说“水桶”as “pail”, 而南方人说 “bucket”, 北方人说袋子as “bag” , 而南方人说 “sack” “poke” “tote”. 苏格兰南部，英国北部人们说go to kirk on Sunday，其它地方说go to church emotive synonyms： 如：gaudy（华而不实的），splendid --- 前者是贬义 collocational synonyms: 如：perform, make --- perform an act do, conduct ---- conduct an experiment The distinction between parole（言语） and langue（语言） was made by ______. Halliday Chomsky Bloomfield Saussure索绪尔 (d) ______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. Phonology音韵学 Morphology词态学 Semantics语义学 Sociolinguistics社会语言学 (b) The word “tail” once referred to the “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of an animal”. This is an example of widening of meaning narrowing of meaning meaning shift loss of meaning (a) widening of meaning: 如mouth原来指动物嘴巴，现在也指河道出口。 narrowing of meaning: 如meat原指所有食物，现在只指动物的肉。 Meaning shift: 如gay Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? arbitrariness displacement duality diachronicity (d) duality=double articulation: the property of being composed of discrete units at two levels. For example, the sentence you go to sleep is composed of the words “you, go, to, sle