Scott 修辞与写作01.ppt

让文中景色亮起来 ——善用修辞手法01 What is rhetoric? rhetoric : the art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. 高中英语教材中出现了大量的修辞句式。修辞修饰文字词句，运用各种表现方式，使语言表达得准确，鲜明而生动有力. 修辞是新《高中英语课程标准》中的亮点、教学中难点，是提高学生语言表达能力的重要手段。然而，许多学生在英语听、说、读和写的各个环节的实践中，很少能够恰当理解或使用各种常见的修辞格式。词的修辞用法有很多方式，称为修辞格 ( The figures of rhetoric )。 Classifications of Common Rhetoric 明喻 (simile) 暗喻 (metaphor) 拟人 (personification) 委婉语 (euphemism) 双关 (pun) 头韵 (alliteration) 夸张（hyperbole, 亦称 exaggeration） 重复（repetition） 对句法（paralelism） 渐进 (climax) overstatement simile 英音：[simili] 美音：[sim?,li] Simile A figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as. e.g. The muscles on his brawny arms are strong as iron bands. Living? without?an?aim?is? like? sailing? without? a?compass. Simile 明喻 　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比. 这种共性存在于人们的心里, 而不是事物的自然属性. 常用标志词: like, as, seem, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, such as, resemble, comparable to,等. 例如: 1. He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2. I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 汉语的明喻与英语的 simile 基本上是对应的 目的：取得形象生动的艺术效果。 这种比喻模式的本体（Tenor, 即被比喻的事物）和喻体（Vehicle, 即比喻的事物）由各种比喻词连接起来，成为“本体 +比喻词 + 喻体”模式. 汉语基本比喻词：犹，若，如，似 英语比喻词：like; as；A is to B as C (is) to D e.g. 从容不迫: as cool as a cucumber 非常凉爽 Formation From structure,a simile includes three parts: 1. subject /tenor 本体 2. reference /vehicle 喻体 3. indicator of resemblance /simile marker 比喻词 /连接词 My love is like a red,red rose. tenor simile marker vehicle as as if as though as…as (just)as…so similar to to bear a resemblance to A is to B as/what C (is) to D， etc. To eat like a horse “To eat like a horse” means to eat large amounts of food. 食量大如牛 To eat like a pig “To eat like a pig” means to have bad table manners. 狼吞虎咽