《英语修辞学》第三章.ppt

English Rhetoric By Song Pingfeng Chapter Three The Three Levels of Rhetorical Operations: Choice of Words Page * 1.?Three levels of rhetorical operations 2. Choice of words 2. 1 Using suitable words 2. 2 Denotation and connotation 2. 3 General words and specific words 2. 4 Abstract words and concrete words 2. 5 Short words and long words Contents of This Chapter Page * 1. The three levels of rhetorical operations Rhetoric involves choice of words, sentence patterns, figures of speech, organization of paragraphs and composition. This process can be broken into three basic levels: Level One: words and phrases Level Two: sentence variety Level Three: organizing paragraphs into a complete text Page * 2. Choice of words 2. 1 Using suitable words 1) Characteristic of English vocabulary: include over a half-million words, and thousands of new ones are added every year. 2) Principles of choosing words: To communicate our ideas precisely and effectively, we should choose the right words that are exact, fresh, vivid, and appropriate. E.g. ① a fond/ loving look, my fond/ loving mother ② A ______ mother may spoil her child. (fond/ love) ③ In spite of his failure, he has a _____ belief in his intelligence. (fond/ love) fond fond Page * 2. 1 Using suitable words Choose the most appropriate words: E.g. Mother Teresa is notorious for her work with the poor and sick in India. Because he did not know either party, the arbitrator was able to take an uninterested view of the dispute. The businessperson has upheld支持 a reputation for deception and deceit. E.g. If there’re four of us in the car, it’ll be cheaper/ less inexpensive to drive than to go by train. During times of mass unemployment, there is a pool of ______ labor for employers. I wish you’d stop making _______ jokes about my friends. cheap cheap Page * (2) Be aware of the audience or readers and suit to the occasion: E.g. Jack’s house was destroyed by fire. Jim went to comfort hi