2013年初中英语语法第5集语态.docVIP

动词的语态（Voices） 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态 被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成形式 主语+助动词be+过去分词被动语态的时态 被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。现以do为例，将被动语态常用时态列表如下： 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am\is\are done am\is\are being done has\have been done 过去 was\were done was\were being done had been done 将来 shall\will be done shall\will have been done 过去将来 should\would be done should\would have been done 说出下列各句是哪种时态的被动语态 e.g. The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. e.g. Our house was built in 1979.e.g. This question will be answered by our headmaster. e.g. I knew the room would be cleaned. e.g. Your bicycle is being repaired now. e.g. The man was being questioned by the police. e.g. My car has been repaired. e.g. I heard she had already been sent to hospital. 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+过去分词 e.g. This must be done as soon as possible. 有些短语动词的被动语态 有些短语动词，如“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”、“动词+名词+介词”，其作用相当于及物动词，也可以由被动语态。在被动语态结构中，介词或副词不可丢掉，且其位置不变。 e.g. My brother’s child is taken care of by my mother.含有两个宾语的被动语态 在多数情况下，把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。 e.g. She was told a long story. 含有复合宾语的被动语态 把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 e.g. The child was named Tom.主动语态变被动语态 两种语态结构对比（箭头表示动作方向） 主动语态 → → e.g. He wrote the letter. 被动语态 → → e.g. The letter was written by him.主动句变被动句的基本步骤 把主动句的宾语作为被动句的主语 把主动句的谓语改为“be+该动词的过去分词”形式，做被动句的谓语，注意be要根据主语的人称、数和该句的时态要求保持一致 主动句的主语改为by的宾语，有时可省略“by+主语”【注】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语 主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 e.g. They chose Tom captain. 被动句：主语（原宾语）+谓语+原宾语补足语 e.g. Tom was chosen captain. 【注】如主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后要加to e.g. I saw him go to the church. He was seen to go to the church.被动语态的用法 英语中，何时情况下才使用被动语态的举例 不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况 e.g. Silk is produced in Suzhou. 不必说出动作的执行者的情况 e.g. Such books are written for children. 需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况 e.g. She is liked by everyone. 【注】①不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen，take，please，disappear等 e.g. 这件事发生在1989年。 （Wrong） This was happened in 1989. （Right） This happened in 1989.