2016新课标创新人教英语选修六Unit3Section3.docVIP

　　　[语法初识] 原句感知 自主探究 ①It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. ②Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. ③It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. ④It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. ⑤It is no use talking to them. ⑥I think it difficult to learn English well. ⑦We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite. (1)①句it 表示天气，②句第一个it代替to give it up，作宾语；第二个it代替句中所说的“吸烟”的事。 (2)在句③④⑤中it用作形式主语，其中句③用在“It ＋系动词 ＋形容词＋that从句”中，it指代that从句；句④用在“It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语), 句⑤用在“It is ＋ no use/good ＋ 动名词(短语)”中，it指代动名词(短语)。 (3)在句⑥⑦中用作形式宾语，其中句⑥用在“动词＋ it ＋ 形容词 ＋ 动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)，句⑦用在“动词＋ it ＋ 形容词 ＋ that 从句”中，it指代that从句。 [语法剖析] 英语中的it 一词看似简单，但“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”。它词义广泛，指代范围广，既可作人称代词也可作非人称代词，既可作形式主语也可作形式宾语。 语法点一 it用作人称代词和非人称代词 1．作人称代词 人称代词it是有实际意义的，是单数第三人称代词。主格与宾格相同。 (1)指代上文提到过的某样东西、抽象事物或事情。 The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。 Well, you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous. 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这很危险！ (2)指代婴儿、性别不明的人或说话者心目中的那个人。 The baby is crying. It might be hungry. 婴儿在哭，或许饿了。 —Someone is ringing. Who could it be? ——有人按门铃，可能是谁呢？ —It must be my friend Tom. He (不可用It) wants to see you. ——一定是我的朋友汤姆，他想要见你。 2．作非人称代词 常用于指代时间、距离、自然现象、量度、价值等。 It was raining when I arrived home. 我回到家时正在下雨。 Its about 15 minutes walk from here to the bar. 从这里到酒吧大约有15分钟的步行路程。 [辨析] it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 that (those) 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones one (ones) 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones Praise is like sunlight to human spirit; without it we cant flower and grow. 表扬对人的精神就像阳光，没有它我们就不能开花生长。 The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model. 这款车的基本设计与之前车型的设计非常相似。 At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this ma