LOCKIN（国外英文资料）.doc

LOCKIN（国外英文资料） * * About DSP One, introduction: The phase-locked amplifier (known as the lock-in) is used to detect weak AC signals (which can be as low as several nV). Accurate measurements can be obtained even if the Noise is thousands of times higher than the signal. Lock - in is the technique of using a PSD - Phase Sensitive Detector, which is selected only by signals that exist in a specific frequency. Other frequencies of Noise will be rejected. The basic block diagram for SRS DSPLock - in is figure 1. * why do you use a Lock - in: For example, suppose that there is a 10nV, 10KHz sinusoidal signal, and obviously this signal needs to be amplified. Using a good low-noise amplifier, the input Noise is 5nV/Hz, if the bandwidth is 100KHz. Gain is 1000, and enlarged Signal = 10nV x 1000 = 10uV, But broadband noise = 5nV/Hz x 100KHz x 1000 = 1.6 mV. The Noise is bigger than signal, we cant measure it. 2. After the amplifier, and pass filter, its Q = 100, center frequency of 10 KHZ, is only in the 100 Hz (10 KHZ/Q) within the bandwidth of the Signal will be testing, the Signal is still 10 uv, but whose = 5 nv/Hz x 100 hzx1000 = 50 uv, although the Noise has been greatly reduced, but is still greater than the Signal, and cant get accurate measurement. Now if you add a PSD to the amplifier; The bandwidth of the PSD can be as narrow as 0.01 Hz, while the Signal is still 10uV, but the Noise is only 5nV/Hz x 0.01 Hzx1000 = 0.5 uV, S/N ratio is equal to 10uV / 0.5 uV = 20. So it can be accurately measured. Two, what is PSD: The Lock - in measurement requires a third test of the frequency omega r, which is used to trigger the experiment, and the Lock - in tests the experimental response signals in this omega r. If you use the square wave output of a Function Generator as omega r, and use its sine wave output to stimulate an experiment, the relationship is shown in figure 2. Signal waveform for Vsig. Sin (rt + theta omega sig), Vsig: signal Amplitude (Amplitude) Omega r: thre