第十七章详解.PDFVIP

第十七章 脂 Lipids 本章主要内容 一．甘油酯 二．磷脂 三．固醇类化合物 四．萜类化合物 Lipids Lipids are organic compounds found in living organisms, that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Lipids have a variety of structures and functions Lipids 蜡(waxes) ＝R COOR , R = C ~C , R = C ~C 1 2 1 16 36 2 16 34 （保护及其他特殊功能） 脂 甘油酯(glycerides) ＝甘油+脂肪酸 （储存能量） 磷脂(phospholipids) ＝甘油等＋脂肪酸＋磷酸＋其他 （生物膜主要结构成分） 固醇类(steroids) （激素等功用） 类脂 前列腺素类(prostaglandins) （多种系统调节作用) 萜类(terpenoids) （多种用途） 一、甘油酯Glycerides 1. Structure O O CH2 OH R1 C OH CH2 O C R1 O O CH OH R1 C OH CH O C R2 O O CH2 OH R1 C OH CH2 O C R3 glycerol fatty acids triacylglycerol or triglyceride a fat or an oil R =R =R , simple triacylglycerol 1 2 3 R , R , R are not same, mixed triacylglycerol 1 2 3 Fat: solid and semisolid; Oils: liquid 一、甘油酯Glycerides 2. Fatty acid Carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. Saturared and unsaturated fatty acids C4~C24, even number of C, unbranched Double bond positions: C-9 ~ C-10 Double bond configuration: Z Melting point: Saturated unsaturated more double