2015.05：从全球视角看助产学的发展.ppt

Kyllike Christensson Midwives are recognized as primary care providers for normal childbirth by WHO, considered as efficient and close to the women. Practice by midwives is characterized by higher psychological support to women and less medical interventions as childbirth is a normal physiological process However the title competence, scope of practice of midwives differs across countries around the world. Midwives are recognized as independent professionals across many countries. There are 3 pathways to midwifery found globally……………………. * The global perspective of midwifery development从全球视角看助产学的发展 Kyllike Christensson, RN, RM, PhD Professor in Reproductive Health * Kyllike Christensson India – late 17th century 印度，17世纪末 In the honour of a beloved wife who died during childbirth 深爱的妻子不幸在分娩中死去，建立了泰姬陵 The Development of the Swedish midwifery system 瑞典助产学的发展 1685 Queen Ulrika Eleonora decided to set up a Midwifery School1685年Ulrika Eleonora女王决定设立助产士学校 1697 A book about obstetrics, Den Swenska w?l-?fwade Jord-Gumman by Johan von Hoorn1697年，Johan von Hoorn完成了一本关于产科学的著作——《瑞典专业助产士》 * Kyllike Christensson * Johan von Hoorn  First textbook about midwifery 第一本关于助产学的教科书 1697 Den Swenska w?l?fwade Jord-Gumman《瑞典专业助产士》 The Development of the Swedish midwifery system, cont.瑞典助产学的发展（续） 1711 Code of practice and ethics for midwives in Stockholm1711年，在斯德哥尔摩发布了助产士行为准则及道德规范 1712 The first 18 midwives registrated by Collegium Medicum1712年，医学院首次录取了18位助产士学生 1751 Audit (Collegium Medicum) National statistics of number of births and deaths and the cause of death1751年，对出生人数、死亡人数及死因进行了全国性统计 * Kyllike Christensson * Kyllike Christensson 100% 50% 20% % deliveries assisted by a midwife 由助产士协助的分娩比例 Midwives trained with “life saving skills” 接受过专业训练的助产士 MMR 产妇死亡率 1890 1850 100 200 300 400 500 The relationship between maternal mortality and the assistance of professionally trained midwives at birth, Sweden 1850 – 90产妇死亡率与专业助