2016新课标三维人教英语选修八Unit1Section3.docVIP

Section_ⅢGrammar—_名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 语法图解 探究发现 ①Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. ②However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. ③Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. ④That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. ⑤It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. [我的发现] (1)以上各句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。 (2)名词性从句在句中可作介词的宾语(句①)，动词的宾语(句③)。 (3)名词性从句在句中可作主语，且可用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句置于句末(句②、⑤)。 (4)名词性从句在句中可作表语(句④)。 一、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的定义及特点 (一)主语从句 主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。 Whether the sports meet will be held is not certain now. 运动会是否将举行现在不能确定。 How the book will sell depends on its author. 这本书销售如何取决于作者本人。 Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 [名师点津]　若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。 That she will do well in her exam is certain. ＝It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她在考试中会做得好，这是确定无疑的。 (二)宾语从句 1．作及物动词的宾语 Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter. 每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。 2．作介词的宾语 如：besides that ...“除……之外”；but that ...“若不是……”；except that ...“除了……”；in that ...“在于……；因为……”。 Is there anything wrong in what I said? 我所说的有错误之处吗？ These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer. 这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都很多。 3．动态形容词后 形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure(确信)，certain(肯定)，afraid(担心)，confident(有把握的)等。 Im not certain whether the train will arrive on time. 我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。 4．注意事项 (1)宾语从句的否定转移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think we need to waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定主句，实际上还是否定从句) (2)宾语从句中不能省略that的情况。 动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时