数字滤波器结构DF(DigitalFilter).pptVIP

数字滤波器结构DF（Digital Filter) 一、什么是数字滤波器 顾名思义：其作用是对输入信号起到滤波的作用；即DF是由差分方程描述的一类特殊的离散时间系统。 它的功能：把输入序列通过一定的运算变换成输出序列。不同的运算处理方法决定了滤波器的实现结构的不同。 数字滤波器介绍 Digital filters are used for two general purposes: (1) separation of signals that have been combined, (2) restoration of signals that have been distorted in some way. 研究DF实现结构意义 二、数字滤波器的工作原理 三、数字滤波器表示方法 有两 种表示方法：方框图表示法；流图表示法. 数字滤波器中,信号只有延时，乘以常数和相加三种运算。 所以DF结构中有三个基本运算单元：加法器，单位延时，乘常数的乘法器。 1、方框图、流图表示法 2.例子 四、数字滤波器的分类 滤波器的种类很多，分类方法也不同。 1.从功能上分；低、带、高、带阻。 2.从实现方法上分:FIR、IIR 3.从设计方法上来分：Chebyshev(切比雪夫）,Butterworth（巴特沃斯） 4.从处理信号分：经典滤波器、现代滤波器 等等。 1、经典滤波器 假定输入信号x(n)中的有用成分和希望去除的成分，各自占有不同的频带。当x(n)经过一个线性系统（即滤波器）后即可将欲去除的成分有效地去除。但如果信号和噪声的频谱相互重叠，那么经典滤波器将无能为力。 2.现代滤波器 3.模拟滤波器和数字滤波器 经典滤波器从功能上分又可分为： 低通滤波器（LPAF/LPDF):Low pass analog filter 带通滤波器(BPAF/BPDF):Bandpass analog filter 高通滤波器(HPAF/HPDF):High pass analog filter 带阻滤波器(BSAF/BSDF):Bandstop analog filter 即它们每一种又可分为：数字(Digital)和模拟(Analog)滤波器。 4.模拟滤波器的理想幅频特性 5.数字滤波器的理想幅频特性 Analog filters and digital filters Analog filters are cheap, fast, and have a large dynamic range in both amplitude and frequency. Digital filters, in comparison, are vastly superior in the level of performance that can be achieved. With analog filters, the emphasis is on handling limitations of the electronics, such as the accuracy and stability of the resistors and capacitors. digital filters are so good that the performance of the filter is frequently ignored. The emphasis shifts to the limitations of the signals, and the theoretical issues regarding their processing linear filter has an impulse response, a stepresponse and a frequency response. Each of these responses contains complete information about the filter, but in a different form. The most straightforward way to implement a digital filter is by convolving the input signal with the digital filters impulse response. another way to make digital filters, called recursion. Recursive filters: using previously calculated values f