啁啾脉冲基础.pptVIP

Frequency vs. Time: Chirp Chirp and its definition The Linearly Chirped Gaussian Pulse The Instantaneous Frequency vs. Time The Fourier Transform of a Chirped Pulse The Group Delay vs. Frequency A light wave has intensity and phase vs. time. The Instantaneous frequency Instantaneous frequency (cont’d) The Chirped Pulse A pulse can have a frequency that varies in time. The Chirped Pulse(continued) We can write a linearly chirped Gaussian pulse mathematically as: The Instantaneous Frequencyvs. time for a Chirped Pulse A chirped pulse has: where: The instantaneous frequency is: which is: So the frequency increases linearly with time. More complex phases yield more complex frequencies vs. time. The Negatively Chirped Pulse We have been considering a pulse whose frequency increases linearly with time: a positively chirped pulse. One can also have a negatively chirped (Gaussian) pulse, whose instantaneous frequency decreases with time. We simply allow b to be negative in the expression for the pulse: And the instantaneous frequency will decrease with time: Nonlinearly Chirped Pulses The frequency of a light wave can also vary nonlinearly with time. This is the electric field of aGaussian pulse whose frequency varies quadratically with time: This light wave has the expression: Arbitrarily complex frequency-vs.-time behavior is possible. The Fourier Transformof a Chirped Pulse Writing a linearly chirped Gaussian pulse as: or: Fourier-Transforming yields: Rationalizing the denominator and separating the real and imag parts: The Group Delay vs. Frequency The frequency-domain quantity that is analogous to the instantaneous frequency vs. t is the group delay vs. w. If the wave in the frequency domain is: then the group delay is the derivative of the spectral phase: The group delay is also not always the actual delay of a given frequency. It is only an approximate quantity. The Group Delay vs. w