第一节 基于对象的数据库1-9.pptVIP

Copyright: Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan Chapter 1: Object-Based Databases Chapter 1: Object-Based Databases 关系模型受到的挑战：有限的数据类型 复杂应用数据类型复杂 Complex Data Types and Object Orientation ----扩展了关系数据模型 Structured Data Types and Inheritance in SQL----扩展了SQL Table Inheritance Array and Multiset Types in SQL Object Identity and Reference Types in SQL Implementing O-R Features Persistent Programming Languages Comparison of Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Databases Object-Relational Data Models Extend the relational data model by including object orientation and constructs to deal with added data types. Allow attributes of tuples to have complex types, including non-atomic values such as nested relations. Preserve relational foundations, in particular the declarative access to data, while extending modeling power. Upward compatibility with existing relational languages. 以往关系的表达受到挑战 Complex Data Types Motivation: Permit non-atomic domains (atomic ? indivisible) Example of non-atomic domain: set of integers,or set of tuples Allows more intuitive modeling for applications with complex data Intuitive definition: allow relations whenever we allow atomic (scalar) values — relations within relations Retains mathematical foundation of relational model Violates first normal form. Example of a Nested Relation Example: library information system Each book has title, a set of authors, Publisher, and a set of keywords Non-1NF relation books Example of a Nested Relation 1NF relation books 4NF Decomposition of Nested Relation Remove awkwardness of flat-books by assuming that the following multivalued dependencies hold: title author title keyword title pub-name, pub-branch Decompose flat-doc into 4NF using the schemas: (title, author ) (title, keyword ) (title, pub-name, pub-branch ) 4NF Decomposition of flat–books Problems with 4NF Schema 4NF design requires users to include joins in their queries. 1NF relational view flat-