考试专用how to get the poor off our conscienceppt整理.ppt

II. Outline of the essay Part 1 (para.1-2): The oldest project in “getting the poor off our conscience” Part 2 (para. 3-9): 5 historical solutions Part 3 (para. 10-11): a transition Part 4 (para.12-20): 5 current designs Part 5: (para 21): conclusion 6. Why the author chooses such a title as this essay? Look at the following photos. Millions and millions of people are struggling for their survival, thousands and thousands of people die of hunger, cold and illness. While ‘Millennium Development Goals are to meet the needs of the world’s poorest”, do you think the author really tries to call people to get the poor off their conscience? “Plutarch was led to say” implies that it was the actual existence of the rich and poor or the logic of his analysis that made him come to such a conclusion: … If the Rome republic suffered from the same problems 2,000 years ago, it proves the author’s point that poverty is a perpetual (permanent) problem. 6. And the problems that arise from the continuing … have been an intellectual preoccupation for centuries.: The main idea of this statement is that for centuries those with high intellect have been searching for explanations to justify the coexistence of the rich and poor. Part 2:historical research  para. 3 The first solution (next-life theory) 4. Does the author really think that this is an admirable solution? No, he doesn’t. He is being ironical here. He calls it “an admirable solution” because now the rich “get the poor off their conscience”. Para. 4: The second solution (utilitarianism) 1. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith 4. “By the principle of utility”… “is meant the principle which …”: 　The normal word order should be: utilitarianism is meant the principle which proves … by the principle of utility. According to Bentham, the principle of utilitarianism means that an action is judged by whether it will increase or decrease the benefits of those who are affected by the action. 5. utilitaria