【2017年整理】1、佑擘语重结构,汉语重语义.ppt

1.我唱歌就跑调。;一）隐性(implicit)与显性(explicit);1． There are not any signs of word classes in Chinese except for several affixes such as “子”、“儿” and so on, and some auxiliary words such as “的”、“地”、“得”）. For example, “打”in the sentence“钟打了十二下” is a verb，but in the phrase“一打鸡蛋”，it is a unit word. “打”itself has no sign of word class. its word class shows itself only in the context. What’s more, Chinese verbs have no signs of tense, voice and mood. Unlike Chinese, quite a number of English words show themselves the words classes. For example, the suffixes such as -ment, -er, -ness, -tion and so on are signs of nouns; while -al, -ful, -ative and the like are signs of adjectives. In English, articles are signs of nouns, and nouns are main body in syntax. The noun as subject naturally decides the forms of the verb as predicate.;2．From syntax, a Chinese word doesn’t show itself in form as subject, predicate or object and so on, while English personal pronouns and verbs have signs in syntax forms. For example, in the two sentences: “我爱她”and“她爱我”, there are no differences between the subjects “她”and“他”, and the objects “他”and“她” . But in English, nominative and objective are different in function, so they are different in forms. It is so obvious in the following sentences: “I love her.” “She loves me.” ;3．The predicate should agree with its subject, but there isn’t any requirement of their forms. English predicate has to agree with its subject in number, person and tense. For example, in the following sentences: “我是学生，他是学生，我们都是学生。”, all the predicates are “是”, but English are different: “I am a student, she is a student, we all are students.” person depend on the forms of “是”.; Implicit and explicit are the biggest and the most basic differences between English and Chinese grammar. The basic differences result in the a series of different characteristics of the two languages, of which the most important one is that English grammar takes forms as its main characteristic, even de