【2017年整理】Unit与1YourCollegeYears.ppt

contents Part One: Warm-up Part Two: Background Information Part Three: Text Appreciation Part Four: Language Study Part Five: Exercises   College Years vs. Seasons What do you think the four seasons represent and explain why? College Years vs. Seasons Spring Summer Freshman: Spring Sophomore: Summer Junior: Autumn Senior: Winter Each developmental stage is characterized by a different psychological crisis, which must be resolved by the individual before the individual can move on to the next stage. If the person copes with a particular crisis in a maladaptive不适应的, 不利于适应的 manner, the outcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. To Erikson, the sequence of the stages are set by nature. It is within the set limits that nurture works its ways. 人格发展的八阶段理论 埃里克森认为，人的自我意识发展持续一生，他把自我意识的形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段，这八个阶段的顺序是由遗传决定的，但是每一阶段能否顺利度过却是由环境决定的，所以这个理论可称为心理社会阶段理论。每一个阶段都是不可忽视的。他的人格终生发展论，为不同年龄段的教育提供了理论依据和教育内容，任何年龄段的教育失误，都会给一个人的终生发展造成障碍。它也告诉每个人你为什么会成为现在这个样子，你的心理品质哪些是积极的，哪些是消极的，多在哪个年龄段形成的，给你以反思的依据。 　 Stage 4: School-age Child Industry vs InferiorityTries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills. ⑷学龄期（6～12岁），勤奋对自卑的冲突 　　这一阶段的儿童都应在学校接受教育。学校是训练儿童适应社会、掌握今后生活所必需的知识和技能的地方。如果他们能顺利地完成学习课程，他们就会获得勤奋感，这使他们在今后的独立生活和承担工作任务中充满信心。反之，就会产生自卑。 Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs IsolationLearns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner. ⑹成人早期（18～25岁）：亲密对孤独的冲突 Stage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs StagnationSeeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests. ⑺成年中期（25～50岁）：生育对自我专注的冲突 ?Stage 8: Older Adult Integrity vs DespairReviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death. ⑻成年晚期（50岁以上）：自我调整与绝望期的冲突 Structure Skimming Q: What are the key changes which will probably happen in college years? The Key Changes (7) identity crisis the independence/dependence struggle; establishment of sexual identity; affection giving