第2章 计算机专业英语 孙建忠.ppt

Computer English Chapter 2 Organization of Computers In this chapter,we examine the organization of basic computer systems.A simple computer has three primary subsystems. The central processing unit, or CPU, performs many operations and controls the computer. A microprocessor usually serves as the computer’s CPU. The memory subsystem is used to store programs being executed by the CPU, along with the program’s data. The input/output, or I/O, subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices, such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer, or the keypad and digital display of a microwave oven. 本章介绍基本计算机系统组成，一个简单的计算机包括三个主要子系统：中央处理器或CPU执行许多运作并控制计算机，微处理器一般充当计算机的CPU；存储器子系统用于存储由CPU运行的程序以及程序的数据；输入输出或I/O子系统允许CPU与I/O设备如个人计算机的键盘和显示器或微波炉的键区与数字显示交互作用。 2.4 I/O Subsystem Organization and Interfacing The design of the interface circuitry for an output device, such as a computer monitor, is somewhat different than that for the input device. As shown in Figure 2-8, the tri-state buffers are replaced by a register. The tri-state buffers are used in input device interfaces to make sure that no more than one device writes data to the bus at any time. Since the output devices read data from the bus, rather that write data to it, they dont need the buffers. The data can be made available to all output devices; only the device with the correct address will read it in. 输出设备（如显示器）接口电路的设计与输入设备的设计有所不同。如图2-8所示，寄存器代替了三态缓冲器。输入设备中使用三态缓冲器是为了确保在任何时刻都只有一个设备向总线写数据，而输出设备是从总线读取数据，不是写数据，因此不需要缓冲器。数据对于所有的输出设备都可获得，但只有具有正确地址的设备才会读取它。 2.4 I/O Subsystem Organization and Interfacing The load logic plays the role of the enable logic in the input device interface. When this logic receives the correct address and control signals, it asserts the LD signal of the register, causing it to read data from the systems data bus. The output device can then read the data from the register at its leisure while the CPU performs other tasks. 装载逻辑发挥着输入设备接口中使能逻辑的作用。当此逻辑获得正确的地址信号和控制信号后，它发出寄存器的LD信号