医学英语 Parmacology 药理学.pptVIP

Pharmacology ;What is pharmacology?;;Drug A drug is a chemical substance that can modulate the current physiological status of a biological system. is defined as a chemical which is utilized for the diagnosis, prevention and cure of an unwanted health condition (definition by FDA);Basic knowledge of drug;Drug nomenclature;Preparations;Drug administration; Parenteral administration;;Therapeutic action of drugs;;Dry mouth;Acute toxication damage on CNS, CVS, and RS. Chronic toxication : hepatotoxicity , nephrotoxicity; bone marrow; endocrine sys. Special toxications: Carcinogenesis Teratogenesis /thalidomide Mutagenesis ;allergic reaction/ hypersensitive reaction: Definition: A state of a person who is prone to respond abnormally to a particular antigen, which may cause a variety of tissue reactions. e.g : penicillin/allergic shock ;Definition: an abnormal and unexpected sensitivity exhibited by an individual to a particular drug or food. result from genetic polymorphisms that cause individual differences in drug pharmacokinetics e.g, an increased incidence of peripheral neuropathy is seen in patients with inherited deficiencies in acetylation when isoniazid is used to treat tuberculosis. ;Definition: a residual biological effect of drug after withdrawal. e.g. barbiturate/sedative causes hangover, which indicate dizziness next morning. ;Definition: sudden withdrawal of drug worsen the original disease after long time treatment e.g. Clonidine ;DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS ;Drug group;Central nervous system drugs: ;Respiratory drugs;Cardiovascular drugs;Gastrointestinal drugs;Antibiotics-antimicrobial agents;adrenergic agent 肾上腺素能药 adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体 adrenergic agonist 肾上腺素促效剂 sympathomimetic 类交感(神经)的 noradrenaline (norepinephrine) 去甲肾上腺素 adrenaline (epinephrine) 肾上腺素 isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素 antiadrenergic agent 抗肾上腺素剂 adrenergic 肾上腺素(能)的 antagonist 拮抗剂 sympatholytic drug 交感神经阻滞药 cholinergic agent 胆碱能药;;procaine 普鲁卡因 analgesics 镇痛