材料成型专业英语.docVIP

Lesson 1 Position of metal forming in modern industry 金属成形在现代工业中的地位 Metal forming is one of the fundamental manufacturing process. It plays an important part in metallurgy冶金, machine building机械制造, power电力, autobile汽车, railroad, aerospace航空, ship-building, weapon, chemical化工, electronics电子, instrument and meter making仪器和仪表制造and light industries轻工业. 金属成形是材料的塑性加工过程。在金属成形工艺中，最初的简单零件, 坯料或板料通过在模具之间变形而获得所需零件的最终形状。由于模具具有所需零件的几何形状， 通过模具内表面对变形材料施压，简单形状的零件就会变成复杂形状的零件。金属成形很少产生废料甚至不产生废料， 并且往往在很短时间内（即压力机或锻锤的一次或几次行程中）形成产品形状。因此， 金属成形可节能省材。特别是在大中批量生产时，模具成本容易收回。另外，对于给定重量的零件，用金属成形加工比用铸造和切削加工生产具有更好的力学性能、冶金性能和可靠性。 At present, net shape manufacturing净形制造and near net shape manufacturing近净形制造have become the focus of studies研究的焦点pursed追逐by the metal forming circle领域. Research institutions研究学会，研究机构concentrating on the study of net shape manufacturing净形制造have been established建立 and enormous巨大funds and minds财力与智力invested. Net shape manufacturing is vigorously developing throughout the world. By the application of cold extrusion冷挤压, cold heading冷镦, precision die forging精密模锻, special rolling特殊滚压, fine blanking精冲, spinning旋压, multi-ram forging多向模锻, multi-position pressing 多工位压制, high-speed pressing with progressive dies级进模高速冲压, powder forging粉末锻压, super plastic forming超塑性成形and laser processing激光加工, finished parts can be produced with high accuracy高精确度, low surface crudeness粗糙度.The days have already gone when （定语从句）metal forming was considered 认为as a process by which only 认为as a process by which only semifinished products could be made（从句）.It is predicted 预测by … that（从句）by the year 2000 metal forming combined with the year 2000 metal forming combined with grinding technology（定语）磨削工艺will replace most of metal cutting. Lesson 2 Classification of Metal Forming Processes Nearly all mental forming processes involve the workpiece being subjected to complex stress states(处于复杂应力状态下)which can vary from, say triaxial compression(三向压应力) to biaxial tension(两向拉应力). However, shear stresses(剪切应力) need not