【2017年整理】美式与英语发音规则概要.doc

美式英语发音规则概要 As a result of reduction made to stressed syllables, most vowels in these syllables are pronounced as the schwa, /?/, as in, condition or available. This vowel is represented by a symbol that looks like an upside-down e. This is a symbol of the International Phonetic Alphabet （IPA）. The schwa is the shortest and most simple sound in English speech, and it is the most frequently used sound. Other vowels used often in unstressed syllables are the vowel /?/, as in citizen, and /??/ an in other. （由于在重音发音过程中一些音节的发音被减弱， 许多元音在发音时变成了中元音，如condition和available两个单词中的/?/音。/?/音是国际音标（IPA）中的一个，很像倒过来写的字母e。中元音是英语中最短最简单的一个音，但也是最常见的一个音。另外，还有一些非重读音节中的元音，如citizen中的/?/音，及其他词中的/??/音。） ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. At the Word Level （词的发音） Within a word, pitch rises to its highest level on the syllable with primary stress. From there it falls, or rises more. This inflection in pitch is made as a step, or as a glide. Following are examples： （在单词中，音调升至重音音节的位置，然后开始下降，或者继续升高。这种音调的变化分为阶音型和滑音型，如下例：） STEP INFLECTION-Pitch steps from the stressed syllable onto an unstressed syllable. Listen to example spoken with a falling inflection. （阶音型变化—音调由重音转为非重音。如以下列举的单词均以降调发音。） simple amazing accurate impossible Now listen to the same words spoken with rising inflection.（再看看如何以升调来读以上几个单词。） simple amazing accurate impossible GLIDING INFLECTION-Pitch gliders on the syllable with primary stress when the word consists of one syllable, or when that syllable ends a word. Listen to examples with falling inflection： （滑音型变化—当单词仅由一个音节构成时，或单词词尾为重音时，单词发音为滑音型音调变化。如下列各词以降调发音为：） now agreed guaranteed Now listen to the same words with a rising inflection.（再看看如何以升调读以上同样的音调。） now agreed guaranteed Repeat the following words using a falling inflection：（：（） BEYOND THE WORD LEVEL （短语和句子的发音） In phrases or in sentences, only certain words are normally given stress. These are the words classified as content words, because they contain most of the information