升本英语基础(代发【延职】心星).doc

升本英语基础(代发【延职】心星) 专升本英语基础知识讲义 第一部分 基础知识 第一章 语 法 第一节 时 态 一．一般现在时 一般 + s; 在以ch, sh, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后 + es (teaches, goes, washes, fixes, guesses); 在以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词后，变y为i后再加-es (studies, tries) 1. 表示现在反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与every day, once a week, often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom等时间状语连用： -We go there twice a month. -Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations. (d. required - requires) 2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等： -He has great concern for others. -Matter exists in three states. 3. 表示客观事物或普遍真理： -Light travels faster than sound. -Japan lies to the east of China. 4. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作： -The plane takes off at five. 5. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作（when, after, before, as soon as, until; if, unless): -If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a football match. -A desert area that has been without water for six years will still bloom when rain will come. (will come - comes) 二．现在进行时 study-studying; come-coming; sit-sitting (forget-forgetting); die-dying 通常不能用于现在进行时的常见动词如下： see, hear, smell, taste, know, find, forget, notice, suggest, be, love, like, want, hope, wish, prefer, hate, understand, remember, believe, have, consist, seem. 1. 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作： -The students are running to the sports-field. 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定在进行： -He is writing a novel this year. 3. 可表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于go, come, leave, start等动词，后面也 常用表示较近的将来时间状语，如tomorrow, tonight, this coming Friday等，表 示安排或计划好的事情： -Those visitors are leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 4. 用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩： -The boy who is sitting beside me is always asking me a lot of whys and hows. -He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night. 三．现在完成时 1.表示动作现在刚完成： -His son has finished his homework. 2. 表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响： -Its so cold in here. Who has broken the window? 3. 过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在（这时常和since 或for 短语连用） -Li has studied English for twenty years.