【2017年整理】英译与汉常用的方法和技巧.ppt

英译汉常用的方法和技巧;一、词义的选择; · 根据词在句中的词类 来选择和确定词义;例如： 1.Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 相同的电荷相排斥，不同的电荷相吸引。（形容词） 2.He likes mathematics more than physics.他喜欢数学甚至于喜欢物理学。（动词） 3.In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像金子一般在闪闪发亮。(前置词) 4.Like knows like. 英雄识英雄。(名词);· 根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义;例如“last”这一形容词： 1.He is the last the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 2.He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那件事。 3.He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作。 4.He should be the last to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 5.He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜找他商量。 6.This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。;再如“take (off)”这一动词： 1.To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years. 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。 2.An area the size of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space. 在机场上标出了与大黄蜂号甲板一样大小的一块地方，他们一次又一次地练习从这样一块有限的面积上起飞。;3.He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working as though about to take off. 他工作的时候，总是坐在椅子边上，好像随时都会跳起身来的样子。 4.Their first major design was a pleated denim jean with external pockets dubbed ”baggies” that took off in high schools and colleges and soon was imitated by other apparel manufacturers. 他们的头一项重要设计是一种打褶的、缝上明袋的蓝色斜纹粗布裤，这种裤子人们称为“袋子”，在中学和大学中首先流行，接着别的服装制造商也很快仿制起来。;二、词义的引申; · 将词义抽象化的引申;1、将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性词 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都是有甜有苦。;2、将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词 In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hitler’s storm troops goose-stepped into power in Furth in 1930… 事实上，在整个二十世纪二十年代，纳粹党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众好感，以至于在1930年，希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了菲尔特镇的权利。…… See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinc