计算机科学的介绍Computer Science 英语作文(自己专业的介绍).pptx

Computer Science;Contents 1 History 2 Major achievements 3 Areas of computer science 3.1 Computer architecture and engineering 3.2 Artificial intelligence 3.3 Information science ;The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, developed in period 2700–2300 BC in Sumer.;The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer. It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to c. 100 BC.;Mechanical analog computing devices appeared a thousand years later in the medieval Islamic world.;Around 1640, Blaise Pascal, a leading French mathematician, constructed the first mechanical adding device, the Pascaline, based on a design described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria.;Charles Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer in Victorian times,;The industrial revolution had driven forward the mechanization of many tasks, and this included weaving. Punched cards controlled Joseph Marie Jacquards loom in 1801, where a hole punched in the card indicated a binary one and an unpunched spot indicated a binary zero. ;Before the 1920s, computers (sometimes computors) were human clerks that performed computations. After the 1920s, the expression computing machine referred to any machine that performed the work of a human computer, especially those in accordance with effective methods of the Church-Turing thesis.;The theoretical Turing Machine, created by Alan Turing, is a hypothetical device theorized in order to study the properties of such hardware.;A Turing machine is a device that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite its simplicity, a Turing machine can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer algorithm, and is particularly useful in explaining the functions of a CPU inside a computer.;