热力学(国外英语资料).docVIP

热力学(国外英文资料) thermodynamics Physicists always try to understand why the universe is ordered rather than confused. From distant galaxies to living creatures Cells, the universe has formed a complex structure at all scales. These organized systems are so complex and diverse The two systems such as the human body and the stars are so different that any knowledge of the universal principles governing the structure of the system is made In an attempt to seem too Too Big for Her Skin. However, this attempt has been partially realized by thermodynamics. The subject began in nineteenth Century. Its initial purpose is extraordinary, and engineers and industry companies want to control heat exchange and Mechanical energy is used to improve the efficiency of the steam engine. From this little beginning, it developed into the vast majority of Physics A deep and pervasive idea of the evolution of the system (the rigorous application of thermodynamics to the life world). The advantage of thermodynamics is that it establishes universal laws that do not depend on the details of system structure. For example, it can make We know the thermal properties of matter without having to know its atomic structure. Thermodynamics can be summed up in four laws due to history For reasons, from zero to three. The zeroth law is that all parts of a heat balance system have the same temperature. The first law states that heat is energy A form of quantity and describes how different forms of energy can be exchanged in an evolutionary system. If two are different A system of temperature (e.g., one litre of hot water and one liter of cold water) is contacted, and heat exchange will occur between the two systems until there is A common equilibrium temperature so far. The equilibrium temperature, of course, is between two initial temperatures, one liter of hot water, and one Cold water becomes two liters of warm water. The third law that absolute zero (273.15t) can not be reached. A systematic The temper