英语基础知识讲义.docVIP

英语基础知识讲义 句子成分 组成句子的各个成分叫做句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。简单句的成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)?和补语（complement）。 主谓宾 定状补 主干枝叶分清楚 “的”定“地”状“得”后补 主语 主语是说话人所说信息的起点和关注点，是一个动作或状态的执行者。常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语） Tom is a born leader. Losing his cell phone made Tom sad. _____________________________________________________________________ What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 指出下列句中主语的中心词 ①?The?teacher?with?two?of?his?students?is?walking?into?the?classroom. ②?There?is?an?old?man?coming?here. ③?The?useful?dictionary?was?given?by?my?mother?last?year. ④?To?do?todays?homework?without?the?teachers?help?is?very?difficult. 谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定性动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 Mary likes playing basketball. She has tried this way three times. 宾语 宾语指动作的对象或承受者。有动宾短语和介宾短语。英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。能作主语的词类也能作宾语。 I can hardly hear the radio. _____________________________________________________________________ Do you understand what I mean? 挑出下列句中的宾语 ①?My?brother?hasnt?done?his?homework. ②?People?all?over?the?world?speak?English. ③?You?must?pay?good?attention?to?your?pronunciation. ④?How?many?new?words?did?you?learn?last?class? ⑤?Some?of?the?students?in?the?school?want?to?go?swimming,?how?about?you? ⑥?The?old?man?sitting?at?the?gate?said?he?was?ill. ⑦?They?made?him?monitor?of?the?class. ⑧?Go?across?the?bridge?and?you?will?find?the?museum?on?the?left. ⑨?You?will?find?it?useful?after?you?leave?school. ⑩?They?didnt?know?who?Father?Christmas??really?is. 双宾语 ： 直物人间 The teacher asked me a question. My mother bought me an interesting book. _____________________________________________________________________Please tell me how the accident came about. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ①?Please?tell?us?a?story. ②?My?father?bought?a?new?bike?for?me?last?week. ③?Mr?Li?is?going?to?teach?us?history?next?term. ④?Here?is?a?pen.Give?it?to?Tom. ⑤?Did?he?leave?any?message?for?me? 复合宾语：宾语+宾语补足