英语语法基本知识——名词从句.docVIP

名 词 性 从 句 (一) 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Nominal Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词从句的连接词可以分为三类：（1）连接词：that，whether，if；这类词不充当从句的任何成分，只起连接作用；（2）连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等；（3）连接副词：when，where，how，why等。 一、主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 e.g. I) That China is a developing country is well known to us all. II) It is well known to us all that China is a developing country. III) What I did is none of your business. IV) Whether the sports meet will be held on time depends on the weather. V) Who pays for a date can establish or reflect the roles of each person in the relationship. 约会时由谁付帐可以确立或者反映每个人在这一关系中的地位。 VI) It is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. 我们仍然不清楚安慰剂到底是如何治病的。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that，被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。同时，如果是强调句，去掉it is和that后，句子仍然完整正确。试比较： e.g. I) It is this quality that makes the new secretary general perhaps the most popular executive in the United Nations today. （强调句） =This quality makes the new secretary general perhaps the most popular executive in the United Nations today.) 正是这一特点，也许才使得这位新秘书长成为当今联合国最受欢迎的官员。 II) It was evident that to answer the letter he needed something more than goodwill, ink, and paper. (主语从句) 很显然，要回复这封信，他需要的不仅仅是好意、墨水和纸张。 2. 主语从句不可以位于句首的五种情况： A. if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 B. It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 e.g. It is said that President Bush will visit our country next month. (√) That President Bush will visit our country next month is said. (×) C. It happens…; It occurs…; It seems…; It appears…; It turns out…等 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 e.g. It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (√) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (×) D. It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 e.g. It doesn’t matter whether you go with me or not. (√) Whether you go with me or not doesn’t matter. (×) E. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。 e.