第二章 结缔组织剖析.ppt

(三) 脂肪组织 (adipose tissue) 由大量脂肪细胞群集构成，被疏松结缔组织分隔为脂肪小叶 白色脂肪组织：由单泡脂肪细胞构成；贮能、维持体温、保护 棕色脂肪组织：由多泡脂肪细胞构成；存在于新生儿，产能。 Subcutaneous fat Intra-abdominal fat (belly fat/Stomach fat) Lose Your Weight What’s Your Body Type? (fat retainers) (athletic) (skinny) Body Shape -What’s Your Shape? (四) 网状组织 (reticular tissue) 由网状细胞和网状纤维构成 网状细胞(reticular cell)：星形多突起，突起互连成网；胞质RER丰富，核大，着色浅，核仁明显 网状纤维：交织成网 功能：构成造血组织和淋巴组织的基本成分，为血细胞发生和淋巴细胞发育提供微环境 图21 网状组织模式图 2、纤维 (胶原纤维、弹性纤维、网状纤维) (1) 胶原纤维 (collagenous fiber)又称白纤维 LM：粉红色，直径1~20 μm ，波浪状，分支交织成网，HE染色呈嗜酸性，着红色 EM：为成束的胶原原纤维，后者直径20~200nm，有64nm周期性横纹 成分：I型与III型胶原蛋白 特性：韧性大，抗拉力强。其所含胶原蛋白易被胃蛋白酶消化，水煮可溶解，冷却呈凝胶状。 图13 胶原纤维（肌腱）光镜图（F腱细胞） 图15 胶原原纤维电镜图（左:单根 右:2成束） (2) 弹性纤维(elastic fiber)又称黄纤维 LM：HE染色呈淡红色，醛复红染色呈紫红色；直径0.2~1.0μm，细丝状，分支交织成网。 EM：弹性蛋白(位于核心)+ 微原纤维(由原纤维蛋白构成，位于外周) 特性：富于弹性 胶原纤维和弹性纤维并存，赋予组织韧性和弹性，使器官兼能保持形态和具有可变性 图14 弹性纤维光镜图 （醛复红染色） Collagen, Elastin Disease, Aging Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Aberrations occur in either Type I or Type III collagen. While hyperflexibility of joints and hyperelastic skin are the most visible manifestations, effects on internal organs can lead to intestinal, uterine, or heart valve rupture. A variety of autoimmune diseases also target collagen-rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, and scleroderma are most notable. Some bacteria and viruses have virulence factors which destroy collagen or interfere with its production. Marfan’s syndrome Cutis laxa Cutis laxa?is a group of rare?connective tissue disorders?in which the?skin?becomes inelastic and hangs loosely in folds. The total amount of collagen decreases from 543.5 μg/g in the fetus to 280.8 μg/g – a reduction of over 50%. No wonder we wrinkle! Understanding collagen types is critical to anti-aging therapy. Chemicals that stimulate collagen synthesis affect different collagen types differently. Ascorbic acid is a necessary cofactor for?the enzymes prolyl hydroxylase?and?lysyl hydroxylase which are responsible for the hydroxylati