天然气处理工.pptVIP

Natural gas processing;? Natural gas processing natural gas is gaseous form of petroleum mostly methane (C1), some ethane(C2), propane (C3), butanes (C4), pentanes (C5), hexanes (C6) and C7+;Inlet Separators;Point of processing is to meet pipeline/storage/use specifications Pipeline Specification (Typical) Oxygen 10 ppm Nitrogen 3 % CO2 2-3% pipeline to 100 ppm for LPG plant feed H2S low as 4 ppm (0.25grains/100 scf) for pipeline higher for fuel gas CS2, COS, RSH 20 grains/100 scf ;Inlet Separation;Inlet Sep;2.1 Auxiliary Equipment;b) HE - discussed in section 1.3 ? c) cooling towers detail in section 1.3 purpose cool process water by ambient air ? achieved by maximize evaporation of H2O in droplets exposed to maximum air flow over longest time (picture) mech draft – fans move air and natural draft – use density ? d) pumps/turbines - mostly centrifugal type due to lower cost, smaller space, and low maintenance ? e) compressors/expanders compressors used inlet and sales gas to boost pressure + displacement dynamic thermal;f) refrigeration used in: NGL/LPG recovery HC dewpoint control reflux condensation for light HC fractions LNG plants - refrigerant type selected by T requirements, availability, economics, previous experience e.g. natural gas plant may use C2 and C3 while due availability and economics olefin plant may use ethylene and propylene ?i.???mech refrigeration most common simple cycle of expansion, evaporation, compression, condensation Absorption Refrigeration if low cost of n.gas, low level heat source, and electricity rates ;;2.2 Inlet Separators discussed fractionators in general, separator is like one stage of a fractionator where adjust P of incoming gas to separate v and l 4 major sections primary section – sep main portion of free l by abrupt change in momentum or direction (nozzle) secondary or gravity sectn – use gravity to enhance sep of entrained droplets gas moves at low velocity w/ little turbulence coalescing sectn – coalescer (wire, mes