机械专业英语件4.pptVIP

单词复习： ;Lesson 4 Threaded Fasteners 螺纹紧固件;Paragraph 1;;;Paragraph 2: ;All are based on the single threaded screw, a simple machine that yields a large mechanical advantage(机械增益) in minimal space and theoretically is self locking(自锁的). 所有这些都是基于单头螺纹螺钉的，它是一个简单机械，可以在最小的空间内产生很大的机械增益，而且在理论上是自锁的。 ; Effective use however, requires the aid of two other simple machines: the lever(手柄) and the wheel-and-axle machine. The wrench(扳手) is basically a lever, the screwdriver is a wheel-and-axle machine. 而这一有效应用，要借助两个其它简单机械：杠杆和轮轴机械。扳手是一种基本杠杆；螺丝刀是一种轮轴机械。 ;Paragraph 3:;;The rotary motion of a nut against a stationary screw first imparts an axial movement along the screw. 相对静止的螺栓，螺母的旋转运动会产生一个沿螺栓轴线方向的直线运动。 When resistance is encountered, the threads generate an axial force as dictated by the principle of the wedge(斜楔原理). 受到阻力时，螺纹产生轴向力的现象可由斜面原理来解释。 ; Further rotation demands increased efforts (torque), with a resulting increase in axial force. 再进一步旋转需要增加扭矩（torque）同时轴向力也增大。 Thus the connection remains tight unless some external influence such as vibration or temperature change overrides the initial condition. 这样只要没有像振动、温度变化这些外部因素改变初始条件，这种联接就能维持紧固的状态。 ;Paragraph 4:;The coarse-thread series (UNC) is most common and is recommended for general assembly use where vibration is not a problem and where frequent disassembly is required. 统一标准粗牙螺纹系列是最普通的，推荐用于一般的装配场合——振动较小，频繁拆卸。 ;The fine-thread series (UNF) is somewhat stronger in tension and is more suitable where fine adjustment may be required. This series is often used in aircraft assemblies. 统一标准细牙螺纹系列具有较大张紧力，较适用于精密调整的场合。该系列常用于航空器的装配。 ;The extra-fine-thread series (UNEF) is employed where the mating external thread is in a thin-walled member(薄壁件). 统一标准超细牙螺纹用于薄壁零件的外螺纹配合。 This series is also more resistance to vibration and provides for very fine adjustment. 该系列用于要求抗振动性强的场合，及更精密调整的场合。 ;Paragraph 5; For example, the designation 1/4-20UNC-2A-RH identifies an externally threaded part having a basic major diameter of 1/4 in., unified co