激光复合焊接术综述.doc

激光复合焊接技术综述 XXX（西南科技大学 国防科技学院，四川绵阳 621010） 摘要：激光技术在制造业中的应用是目前各国的研究重点,随着工业发展对高效、环保、自动化的需要,激光技术的应用迅速普及制造业的许多领域。在此基础上,激光焊接工艺将成为激光应用的重要方面之一。本文概述了激光焊接的发展现状,简单介绍了采用激光技术进行焊接的基本原理及其优缺点。详细描述了激光器的研发、等离子体控制、焊接过程的自动化检测和各种先进激光焊接技术。通过介绍激光焊接在具体领域(如汽车业、造船业等)的应用,充分说明激光技术在焊接制造中的优越性,并对激光焊接的发展前景做了具体的展望。 关键词： 激光焊接; 复合焊接；研究现状; 展望 Review on Laser Hybrid Welding Technology XXX (Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mian Yang China,621010) Abstract：The application of laser technology in the manufacturing industry is currently research focus of all countries, with the development of industry and the need of high efficiency, environmental protection and automation, the application of laser technology rapid popularization the many areas of manufacturing. On this basis, laser welding process will become one of the important aspects of laser application. In this paper, the development of laser welding is summarized, and the basic principle and advantages and disadvantages of laser welding are introduced briefly. The research and development of laser, plasma control, automatic detection of welding process and advanced laser welding technology are described in detail. Through the introduction of laser welding in specific areas (applications such as automobile industry, ship building industry, etc.), a full description of laser technology in welding manufacturing advantages and Prospect of laser welding do specific outlook. Key words：laser welding；hybrid welding；research status; outlook 前言: 激光焊接是利用高能量密度的激光束作为热源的一种高效精密焊接方法。激光焊接是激光材料加工技术应用的重要方面之一。20世纪70年代主要用于焊接薄壁材料和低速焊接，焊接过程属热传导型，即激光辐射加热工件表面，表面热量通过热传导向内部扩散，通过控制激光脉冲的宽度、能量、峰值功率和重复频率等参数，使工件熔化，形成特定的熔池。由于其独特的优点，已成功应用于微、小型零件的精密焊接中。 1 激光焊接技术 1.1 激光焊接技术的特点 激光焊接是以高能量密度的激光束为热源，瞬时熔化局部材料形成焊接接头的高精度、高效率、新型的熔化焊接方法。激光焊接技术在汽车、船舶、航空航天等领域获得了日益广泛的应用。例如，欧洲空中客车公司采用激光焊接技术取代传统的铆接进行铝合金飞机机身制造，实现了机身减重20%，强度提高近 20%[1-3]。与传统的焊接方法相比，激光焊接具有高效、清洁、热影响区窄、接头变形小等诸多优势，具体如下: ( 1)