高中英语语法系统讲解之九定语从句.docVIP

高中英语语法系统讲解之九 定语从句 定语从句在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句并作定语从句中的一个成分的词叫做“关系词”。常见的关系词有关系代词（who，whom，whose，that，which等）和关系副词（when，where，why等）。关系词有两个作用：1、放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，引导定语从句；2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1、关系代词及其作用一览表 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关 系 代 词 who 表人的词 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom,that,which在从句中作宾语时，常可省略；但介词提前是，后面关系代词不能省略，也不可用that。 whom 表人的词 宾语 Mr. Li is the person with whom I am working. Thy boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 表人或物的词 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 表人或物的词 主或宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the star (that) I want to see very much. which 表物的词 主或宾语 The book (which) I gave you was. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 表人或物的词 主或宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 作宾语一般不省略。 2、关系代词特殊用法一览表 情况 用法说明 例句 只用 that的情 况 1、先行词为all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等不定代词时； 2、先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修饰时； 3、先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 4、先行词既指人又指物时； 5、先行词被the only，the very修饰时； 6、先行词位于以who或which引导的特殊疑问句式的主句中时； 7、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered have been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4. We talked about the person and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? 7. Which is the book that you like best? 只用 which who whom 的情 况 1、在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物；用who/whom指人； 2、在由“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，用which指物，whom指人； 3、先行词本身是that时，关系词用which，先行词为those，one，he时用who。 1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 温馨提示：“whose + 名词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语，whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是“the+名词 + of which”。如Please pa