电气及其自动专业英语第3章第三篇.doc

DC-AC CONVERTERS Introduction DC-AC converters are conventionally called the inverters.Such converters are very popular in the battery-operated power systems such as the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for hospitals and AC motor drives. Low power level inverters are usually single-phase type and medium and high power inverters are three-phase type. We will look into the performance of DC-AC converters of several useful topologies.The focus will be on the inverter operation for iow-freyucwy output voltages such as 50~60 Hz or 400 Hz inaircraft systems. Analyses of DC-AC converter circuits at low and high frequencies are very similar except that at high frequencies the parasitic capacitances and indutances,charge storage,and heat localizing problems in switching devices must be taken into account. Controlled inversion The DC to AC inverter system is shown in Fig.3-5(a). Input is from a DC source and the output is desired to be a sinusoidal voltage or cturent with zero DC component,single-phase or three-phase signal. The load is a R-L-C load, an AC voltage or an AC current sink.a controlter may be, as shall be seen later, an angle, a pulse width, a voltage or a current signal. The converter consists of switches, reactive components such as L, C, transformers and resistances. Fig.3-5 (a) A DC-AC inverter system; (b) operational quadrants on the Uo to plane Switches including the diodes are assumed to be ideal and unidirectional,that is,they have zero on-state losses, zero off-state losses, zero switching losses and unrestricted voltage or current carrying capabilities. Switching devices in a practical design example must be selected with these desired characteristics in mind.Inductors, capacitors and transformers are assumed to be ideal. Electrical loads can be of three types;impedance load, AC voltage sink load or AC current sink load. Examples of impedance ioad are electromagnetic ac