江村村民自治研究.pdfVIP

内容摘要 内容摘要 村民自治在我国已经走过了二十多年的历程，作为以广大农民为主体的乡村 的社会治理制度，它的出现为我国农村社会注入了前所未有的现代民主因素。但 是同其他社会制度一样，村民自治的实际运作也受到了各种历史和现实条件的制 约。本文以江村——江苏省吴江市庙港镇开弦弓村为个案，描述了二十世纪三十 年代末以来的七十多年间，该村社会治理制度的变迁，其中主要包括：在国民政 府时期，该村保甲制度的实施状况及其特有的自治性组织；解放初期村民如何在 人民政府的保护下真正获得了民主权益，并积极参与了一系列的自治性活动；人 民公社时期的“政社合一”体制对该村产生的深远影响。在此基础上，笔者研究 了村民自治作为一项示范活动和法律制度进入村治的过程。通过对江村的实证调 研和分析，笔者发现虽然不能否认村民自治的实施在农村社会中存在着必然性和 积极意义，但由于是自上而下、自外而内的进入江村，村民自治作为一种现代政 治文化和制度设计，它与江村各种内在的乡土性文化和现实因素发生了矛盾和冲 突。村民自治的实际运作与文本规则产生了很大的差距，具体政策的实施变为形 式化。笔者认为这种制度预期和现实的差异是不可避免的，只有通过对这些发生 的差异进行研究，才能有助于村民自治真正有效地落实和长足发展。 关键词： 村民自治 民主 江村 I Abstract Abstract Village atuonomy has been developed for twenty years in our country. As social governance system, its main body is our country’s majory peasants. It brings modern democracy to rural society which has never been before. However, as same as other social systems, the implementation of villagers autonomy has also been restricted by all kinds of historical and practical conditions. In this paper, I case in jiangcun- kaixiangong village, miaogang town, Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province and describe about seventy years social governance system’s changes of this village from the thirties of the twentieth century, it mainly includes: In the National Government Period, the implementation of Baojia system and its unique self-governing organizations in this village; after liberation, the villagers how to really get democratic rights under the protection of the peoples government and actively participate in a series of self-g