lesson31工程师在机械制造业中的作用.docVIP

Lesson31 the roles of engineers in manufacturing 第三十一课 工程师在机械制造业中的作用 Many engineers have as their function the designing of products that are to be brought into reality through the processing or fabrication of materials .In this capacity they are a key factor in the material selection-manufacturing procedure .A design engineer ,better than any other person ,should know what he or she wants a design to accomplish .He knows what assumptions he has made about service loads and requirements ,what service environment the product must withstand ,and what appearance he wants the final product to have .In order to meet these requirements he must select and specify the material(s) to be used .In most cases ,in order to utilize the material and to enable the product to have the desired form ,he knows that certain manufacturing processes will have to be employed .In many instances ,the selection of a specific material may dictate what processing must be used .At the same time ,when certain processes are to be used ,the design may have to be modified in order for the process to be utilized effectively and economically .Certain dimensional tolerances can dictate the processing .In any case ,in the sequence of converting the design into reality ,such decisions must be made by someone .In most instances they can be made most effectively at the design stage ,by the designer if he has a reasonably adequate knowledge concerning materials and manufacturing processes .Otherwise ,decisions may be made that will detract from the effectiveness of the product ,or the product may be needlessly costly .It is thus apparent that design engineers are a vital factor in the manufacturing process ,and it is indeed a blessing to the company if they can design for producibility—that is ,for efficient production . 许多工程师的职责是进行产品设计,而产品是通过对材料的加工制造而生产出来的。设计工程师在材料选择--制造方法等方面起着关键的作用。一个设计工程师应该比其他的人更清楚地知道他的设计需要达到什么目的。他知道他对使用荷载和使用要求所做的假设,产品的使用环境,产品应该具有的外观形貌。为了满足这些要求,他必须选择和规定,所使用的材料。通常,为了利用材料并使产品具有所期望的形状,设计工程