lect0 cmos visi设计之introduction.pdfVIP

Lecture 0: Introduction Introduction  Integrated circuits: many transistors on one chip.  Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI): bucketloads!  Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor – Fast, cheap, low power transistors  Today: How to build your own simple CMOS chip – CMOS transistors – Building logic gates from transistors – Transistor layout and fabrication  Rest of the course: How to build a good CMOS chip 0: Introduction CMOS VLSI Design 4th Ed. 2 Silicon Lattice  Transistors are built on a silicon substrate  Silicon is a Group IV material  Forms crystal lattice with bonds to four neighbors Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si 0: Introduction CMOS VLSI Design 4th Ed. 3 Dopants  Silicon is a semiconductor  Pure silicon has no free carriers and conducts poorly  Adding dopants increases the conductivity  Group V: extra electron (n-type)  Group III: missing electron, called hole (p-type) Si Si Si Si Si Si - + + - Si As Si Si B Si Si Si Si Si Si Si 0: Introduction CMOS VLSI Design 4th Ed. 4 p-n Junctions  A junction between p-type and n-type semiconductor forms a diode.  Current flows only in one direction p-type n-type anode cathode 0: Introduction CMOS VLSI Design 4th Ed. 5 nMOS Transistor  Four terminals: gate, source, drain