专业英语(TheText).pptVIP

化学化工专业英语English for Chemical Engineering Technology 授课人：徐崇福联系电话Unit 1: Chemical Industry 1. Origin of the Chemical Industry Started during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800 Organic chemicals industry started in the 1860 German chemical industry had 75% of the world market by 1914 The petrochemicals hade experienced an explosive growth in the 1960 and 1970s. The chemical industry is very diverse sector of manufacturing industry today. 2. Definition of the Chemistry Industry There is no simple definition of the chemical industry because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas. The contact process The process can be divided into five stages: combining of sulphur and oxygen; purifying sulphur dioxide in the purification unit; adding excess of oxygen to sulphur dioxide in presence of catalyst vanadium oxide; sulphur trioxide formed is added to sulphuric acid which gives rise to oleum (disulphuric acid); the oleum then is added to water to form sulphuric acid which is very concentrated. The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the industrial implementation of the reaction of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. It is the main industrial route to ammonia: N2 + 3 H2 ? 2 NH3 ? (ΔH = ?92.22 kJ·mol?1) 3. The Need for Chemical Industry (1) Food: large quantities of fertilizers; crop protection chemicals; veterinary products (2) Health: pharmaceutical drugs such as antibiotics and b-blockers. (3) Clothing: synthetic fibers such as polyesters and polyamides; modern synthetic dye and “bond” them to the fiber. (4) Shelter, leisure and transport Plastics building materials are lighter and maintenance free compared with wood Artificial surface of tracks, football pitches, tennis courts, nylon strings for racquets, and golf balls. Additives for engine oil, lubricating oil, greases, brake oil; dashboard, steering wheel, seat padding and covering 4. Research and Development (R D) in Chemical Industries Investment for develop