2thinkng_like 曼昆 微观经济学课件.pptVIP

2;;Thinking Like an Economist;THE ECONOMIST AS A SCIENTIST;The Scientific Method: Observation, Theory, and More Observation;The Role of Assumptions;Economic Models;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Figure 1 The Circular Flow;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Our Second Model: The Production Possibilities Frontier;Figure 2 The Production Possibilities Frontier;Our Second Model: The Production Possibilities Frontier;Figure 3 A Shift in the Production Possibilities Frontier;Microeconomics and Macroeconomics;THE ECONOMIST AS POLICY ADVISOR;POSITIVE VERSUS NORMATIVE ANALYSIS;Positive or Normative Statements? An increase in the minimum wage will cause a decrease in employment among the least-skilled. POSITIVE Higher federal budget deficits will cause interest rates to increase. POSITIVE ;Positive or Normative Statements? The income gains from a higher minimum wage are worth more than any slight reductions in employment. NORMATIVE State governments should be allowed to collect from tobacco companies the costs of treating smoking-related illnesses among the poor. NORMATIVE;Economists in Washington;Economists in Washington;WHY ECONOMISTS DISAGREE;Table 2 Ten Propositions about Which Most Economists Agree;Summary;Summary;Summary;Summary