化工专业英语复习资料2014.docVIP

transient瞬时的 assumed假设的 boundary边界 uniform相同的，恒定的 value 值 boiling 沸腾 surface 表面 sub-cooled 过冷的 significant显著的 mechanisms机理 moisture潮湿 condensate冷凝 contact接触 efficient有效率的 batch 间歇的 continuous 连续的 local局部 latent 潜在的 fractionating column 精馏柱 capacity容量 distributions分布 aging老化 pickling酸洗 amorphous无定形的 hold 保留，控制 Silica gel 硅胶 hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物 equilibrium 平衡 subsystems子系统，次级系统 fundamental principles基本原evaporation蒸发 black body黑体 empty space 真空区 concentration浓缩 visible light可见光 heat exchanger换热器Steady state conduction：稳态传导Forced convection：强制对流 A fractionating column：精馏塔 Distillation：蒸馏 Raoults law：拉乌尔定律 Filmwise condensation：薄膜冷凝 Waste heat recovery units：余热回收装置Laboratory fractionating columns：实验室用Daltons law：道尔顿定律 Freeze drying：冷冻干燥 1. Historically, the different chemical industries were regarded as different industrial processes and with different principles. In 1923 William H. Walker, Warren K. Lewis and William H. McAdams wrote the book The Principles of Chemical Engineering and explained the variety of chemical industries have processes which follow the same physical laws. They summed-up these similar processes into unit operations. Each unit operation follows (遵循）the same physical laws and may be used in all chemical industries. The unit operations form the fundamental principles of chemical engineering. 从历史上看，不同的化学工业被视为不同的工业流程和不同的原则。威廉.H.沃克，沃伦.K.刘易斯和威廉.H.麦克亚当斯在1923年写这本书，化工原理，并解释说，化工等行业的各种过程，遵循相同的物理定律，可用于所有的化学工业。化工单元操作构成了化工系统的基本原则。 2. For thermo economic optimization it is suggested that the baffles be spaced no closer than 20% of the shell’s inner diameter. Having baffles spaced too closely causes a greater pressure drop because of flow redirection. Consequently having the baffles spaced too far apart means that there may be cooler spots in the corners between baffles. It is also important to ensure the baffles are spaced close enough that the tubes do not sag. The other ma