新概念第二册课堂笔记Lesson69.doc

Lesson 69 But not murder! 【语法 Grammar in use】 被动语态 （1）被动语态的基本形式： Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。（一般过去时） Passing planes can be heard night and day.过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。（与情态助动词连用） Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。（must与被动语态的完成式连用） The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。（被动语态用于过去进行时） He never expected the thief to be arrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。（被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中） The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（用于过去完成时） （2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用 after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或 before）+动名词结构； on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生： After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。 The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。 He killed a child before being arrested.他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。 On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。 被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。 （3）被动语态用于 want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略： I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon. 我希望有人今天下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。 want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。 （4）被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性 【New words and expressions】 ★murder n. 谋杀 Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。 urder v. 谋杀They found that he had been murdered.?他们判定他是被谋杀的 Panjinlian, together with Xienqiang murdered her husband. murdered the whole work. murderer杀人犯 ★instruct v. 命令，指示 instruct someone to do something?命令instructed to wait here until he comes instruction n. 说明书 ★acquire v. 取得，获得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）After many years efforts, I finally acquired the trust of my workmates. acquire confidence 获得信心 Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time. Tom acquired a habit of smoking. ★confidence n. 信心 S’s confidence动摇某人的信心 with great confidence满怀信心 ★examiner n. 主考人 ★suppose v. 假设 Suppose Suppose we miss the train, what will do then?