2. 阅读模式以及相关阅读技能要求.pptVIP

Models of reading Zhang Wenjun 3. Models of reading comprehension Bottom-up process Top-down process Interactive process Bottom-up approach Pattern: linear process words—phrases---sentences---paragraphs– text Teachers teach by introducing vocabulary and structures first, then teaching the text sentence by sentence and paragraph by paragraph, and finally working out the questions and answers to check the comprehension. Top-down approach Pattern: --- previews knowledge — psycholinguistic guessing game --- comprehension of the text Teachers should teach the background knowledge first so that students equipped with such knowledge will be able to guess meaning from the text. The Octopus Interactive Process Our brain receives visual information and at the same time, interprets or reconstructs the meaning of the writer through two directions: The Octopus Skills or Strategies required for interactive reading Recognizing words（字词快速识别） Inferring meaning of new word （猜词悟意） Understanding sentences （理解句子） Understanding text （理解篇章） Understanding rhetoric （理解修辞） Predicting making judgments（预测与推断） Reading critically （评判） Reading in chunks（组块阅读） * * Octopus inhabits in ocean, especially coral reefs. There are around 300 recognized octopus species. An octopus has eight arms. An octopus has a hard beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. Most octopuses have no skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places. Octopuses are highly intelligent. For defense against predators, they hide, flee quickly, expel ink, or change their colors. process the printed language: Recognizing words Understanding sentences Understanding texts integrate the messages with: Previous knowledge Previous experience. Octopus inhabits in ocean, especially coral reefs. There are around 300 recognized octopus species. An octopus has eight arms. An octopus has a hard beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. Mos