中考重难点语法精练(四).docVIP

中考重难点语法精讲（四） ----非谓语动词和连系动词一、非谓语动词 （一）动词不定式 ’s important for us to learn a foreign language.但如果形容词用来说明主观感情或态度，则用介词of．常用的形容词有：nice, kind, right, wrong, foolish, rude等．例如：It’s nice of you to give me so much help. 2．不定式作宾语．例如： 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, decide, ask, expect, plan, wish, want等．例如： I hope to see my penfriend as soon as possible. 当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式．常用it作形式宾语的动词有：find, think, make等．例如：I found it difficult to get on with him. 3．不定式作宾语补足语．例如： 很多动词后面都可以用不定式用宾补．例如：ask, want, invite, get, help, wish, like, expect, encourage, order, warn, tell, prefer, teach等． 例如：The teacher encourages us to answer the questions in English. 但使役动词make, have, let和感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补，不定式不带to，但在转换为被动语态时要加上to．而动词help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带to． 例如：The story made me think of the past. These boys were often made to do a lot of work in old days. I watched him come out of the back just now. 4．不定式作定语．例如： They had no time to go to the cinema. I have some funny stories to tell you. 5．不定式作状语．例如： 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为目的、结果、原因．例如： I opened the window to breathe the fresh air. I got home just to find everything in the house stolen. 6．不定式作表语．例如： My job is to clean the floor. His bobby is to collect stamps. 7．用在how, when, where, what, which等疑问句后，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分．例如： She told me when to start. How to do that is a problem. （二）过去分词和现在分词作表语、定语的区别 1．过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而现在分词作表语及表示主语所具有的特征．例如：Hearing the news, we all felt very surprised. The news you brought us is very surprising. 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：interesting, interested; exciting, excited; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired等． 2．过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语有一定的区别．试比较下面几组短语： boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发达国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在飘落的叶子 由此