27 炉外精炼的理论基础（夹杂物变性处理）-本.pptVIP

第二章 炉外精炼的理论基础 钢铁冶金研究所 主要内容 概述 稀土元素的变性作用 钙的变性作用 Action of Calcium in Steel Calcium reacts with the solid alumina and sulphide inclusions making them liquid at casting temperature Al2O3 Sulphides (Ca,Mn)S [(Al2O3)x;(CaO)y] Difficulties of Calcium Addition If calcium has very interesting benefits, its addition is rather difficult because: Due to its low density, it does not penetrate itself into the steel It does not dissolve into steel as its solubility is nil It vaporizes at steel temperature if the pressure is not high enough(heavy turbulences and splashes) It has to be introduced deep into steel to be effective Calciums Critical Depth Powder Injection Powder Injection This is the oldest method similar to the technology used for hot metal desulphurization ( TN process, Scanlance) This is no more used due to the poor recovery and the reactivity of the injection given by the calcium vapors combined with the rather big quantity of handling gas Surface Feed Injection Wire Lance Technology Improvement over powder injection Simple(low capital investment), Easy to operate but: - Slag penetration can be a problem when crusty - Impossible to reach the critical depth when temperature is high(low carbon grades) WIRE Developed in Mid 80s This is the sole method able to the calcium below the critical depth whatever the temperature and the injection rate This is by far the most efficient method in terms of calcium recovery and reactivity control * zhandp@smm.neu.edu.cn 024* 2.9 非金属夹杂物的变性处理 非金属夹杂物的变性处理是喷射冶金的具体应用之一。 钢中的非金属夹杂物的数量、大小、形状和分布，以及它本身的物理化学性质与钢的差异，对钢的性质产生种种恶劣影响，也影响连铸机的正常运行。 非金属夹杂的变性处理★ ：就是向钢液喷入某些固体熔剂，即变性剂，如硅钙、稀土合金等，改变存在于钢液中的非金属夹