常减压蒸馏拔率影响因素与优化.docVIP

常减压蒸馏装置拔出率的影响因素和优化 【摘要】常压蒸馏是石油加工的“龙头装置”，是炼油工业的第一道工序，后续二次加工装置的原料，及产品都是由常减压蒸馏装置提供。常减压蒸馏主要是通过精馏过程，在常压和减压的条件下，根据各组分相对挥发度的不同，在塔盘上汽液两相进行逆向接触、传质传热，经过多次汽化和多次冷凝，将原油中的汽、煤、柴馏分切割出来，生产合格的汽油、煤油、柴油及蜡油及渣油等。原油常减压蒸馏作为原油的一次加工工艺，在原油加工总流程中占有重要作用在炼油厂具有举足轻重的地位，其运行的好坏直接影响到后续的加工过程。今年来常减压蒸馏技术个管理经验不断创新，装置节能小号显著，产品质量提高。但与国外相比，仍存在较大的差距，装置能耗仍然偏高。本文根据国内炼油厂蒸馏装置常减压系统的拔出现状通过装置的改造，最终达到拔出率的提高。主要考察影响常减压装置拔出率的工艺参数，探寻一些有效的办法对常减压装置进行改造，从而使其轻重油的拔出率得到提高。论文通过对常压装置常底油 350 ℃前馏分含量、压塔底汽提蒸汽量、常压炉出口温度、减压装置减压炉出口温度、减压炉管注汽、急冷油系统等工艺参数影响趋势进行研究和讨论，从而提出改进措施，达到收率的提高。 【关键词】常减压蒸馏，拔出率，影响因素，优化 [ Abstract ] atmospheric distillation oil processing bibcock device, is the first process in oil refining industry, follow up to the two processing unit in raw materials, and products are provided by atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation is mainly through the distillation process, the atmospheric pressure and decompression conditions, according to the relative volatility of different components in the tray, steam liquid two phase reverse contact, heat and mass transfer, after repeated vaporization and condensation of the times, in crude oil, coal, diesel distillate vapor cutting out, pass the production of gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and wax oil and residue. Crude oil distillation as a crude oil processing technology, in the crude oil processing process plays an important role in oil refinery has play a decisive role position, its operation has a direct influence on the subsequent processing process. This year the atmospheric-vacuum distillation technology management experience in innovation, energy-saving device trumpet significantly, improve the quality of products. But compared with foreign countries, there are still large gap, the energy consumption is still on the high side. On the basis of domestic refinery distillation unit vacuum system of pull out current situation through device rebuilding, eventually reaching out to raise the rate of. Mainly on the effect of atmospheric and vacuum di