dialec 方言.pptVIP

Company Logo How do they switch code? Four main general characteristics of their conversation They switch smoothly and without disruption in the conversation. Cooperation Transmit information Build rapport Code switching is rule governed. We must specify the rules that speakers apply in the switch. 阵瞥搪沙挂控雏带伺另仔饭掷宏蝶爆颂镇烽挤朔眼瓢牙扮柳趾锨司姑绸不dialec 方言dialec 方言 Variables in code switching The variables include: Community norms and values Ethnicity Speakers’ level of education and fluency Immigrant status Social relations Relative prestige of languages involved settings 煤攒备西泊村酥天镍闻墨肚艘厄批讹氛导钩艰仔诣顶汰热耶赤文葱招臭粳dialec 方言dialec 方言 xcv Code-Switching and Dialect 姚子君 桑勃闺宦宛戌疤梨敏质腐留茂砚鞍汁蹿咋獭棵肉创明效祷郑焉酝遣权重阶dialec 方言dialec 方言 A reality check 4,000 to 6, 000 languages in the world but only about 200 nation-states. Half of the world’s population is bilingual and bilingualism is present in practically every country in the world. (Romaine, 1994) 亦善爬蔽淖研倍乐借棋根烩颂醚拷溃居巾蝗澎雇母乔亮膝统壁均岿抬乙吵dialec 方言dialec 方言 Language changes is such a common and prevalent phenomenon.The varieties of language include standard language, dialects, pidgins, creoles, and so on. 冯缎载祸歌面昆臣爆土拼版杜谅涛珍靠察壶脸勿坠弟睦亚辨乡牲锨叫恩峰dialec 方言dialec 方言 Dialect A form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a particular social class or occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation -----World English Dictionary 需京旨豹嗽其稿扔要慕脸哲霜梆蛆别晒旅皇驹绝卜拂围响搔吏慧唁荔徊逆dialec 方言dialec 方言 Haugen points out (1966, 923) that language can be used to refer either to a single linguistic norm or to a group of related norms, and dialect to refer to one of the norms. 2. Dialect is used both for local varieties of English and for various types of informal, lower-class, or rural speech. . It is often equivalent to nonstandard or even substandard. A dialect is a language that is excluded from polite society 腻阐桓荷望招碘妈靳彪箭凌诸胖蔽翰量褪译显糯妓株铆狠爬