Functional Grammar-韩礼德的理论.pptVIP

Functional Grammar (功能语法) Halliday’s Systemic Grammar contains a functional component, that is, “the interpretation of the grammatical patterns in terms of configurations of functions”. 韩礼德的功能语法有一个功能性部分，即“用功能的配置来解释语法结构”。 He defines a functional grammar as “essentially a ‘natural’ grammar, in the sense that everything in it can be explained, ultimately, by reference to how language is used”. He views language development in children as “the mastery of linguistic functions”. the instrumental ~(工具功能) the regulatory~(控制功能), the interactional~(交互功能) the personal~(自指性功能) the heuristic~(探索功能) the imaginational~(想象功能) and the informative~(信息功能) The adult’s language becomes much more complex and it has to serve more functions, and the original functional range of the child’s language is gradually reduced to a set of highly coded and abstract functions, which are meta-functions: the ideational, the interpersonal, and the textual functions. 概念功能，人际功能，语篇功能 The Ideational Function Experimental and logical To convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer It mainly consists of “transitivity”(及物性系统) and “voice”(语态). John built a new house. Actor(动作者): John Process(过程):Material (物质过程) :Creation (创造) : built Goal(目标):Affected(受影响者): a new house Transitivity is simply the grammar of the clause in its ideational aspect. Material processes(物质过程) Mental processes(心理过程) Relational processes(关系过程) Verbal processes(言语过程) Behavioural processes(行为过程) Existential processes(存在过程) The Interpersonal Function It embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act. It is realised by Mood(语气) and Modality(情态). Give me the teapot! Mood is made up of two parts: the “subject” and the “finite” element(限定成分). Finite elements are tense morphemes(时态语素), auxiliary verbs and model verbs. To argue with the captain is ask